ڷγ19 ۷ιȭ ӵ ΰ?
ڷγ19 װ . ؿ ӵ 30%̻ ϶ߴٰ Ѵ. 踦 ִ̾ . ڷγ19 Ͽ ȭ ҵǰ ǰ θ ̶ ִ. ȭ þ ִ. ȭʹ ٸ ȭ, ̱ Һ, ߱ ̶ , Һ ƿ ī ٱȭȴٸ, ȭ ִ. ۷ιȭ հ ۷ι и ҵ мغ Ѵ. 1. ߱ ۷ιȭ ȭ ̰ ڱ 켱 ڱ ϴ ֵ 帧 ̶ ۷ι иڵ ֵ ̴. ݸ鿡 ۷ι շڵ ̹ ȭ Ű ŭ Ǿ, 4 踦 ̶ ̴. ݵ п ұϰ ߷ ִٸ ٷ ߱ ȭ ̶ ̴. ߱ 뵿° ãƼ ̷ Ī ۷ι ܸ Ȯ 巯 ̴. ߱ Ŵ α Ȱϰ, Ͽ 1980 40 μ Դ. ڷγ19 ߱ ްϰ پ иϴ. ŷڸ Ҿ, μ 3 ̳ ߱ ̴. 2019 12 ߱ ù ȯڰ ̷ ߱ ü ҺȰ Ǿ. ߱ Ǵ ǰ ̰ ۷ι Ǵ ǰ 굵 ߴܵǸ鼭 ߱ ̿ ִ 帶 缭 찡 ټ ߴ. , , ڵ ǰ̳ ص ǰ 꿡 ذ Ǵ. ġ ż ˹ߵ оȭ ڷγ19 Ȳ ſ ̴. 2000 Ʈũ Ƹī ̱, , ƽþƿ Ϻ ֵ 꿪 ϰ ߱ ô ־. WTO ǥȭϿ. ΰġ ݾ ũ⸦ ǥϰ, ̵ ϴ 걹 ȭǥ ߽ɿ Ҵ. ȭǥ Ʈʰ ΰġ ǥϿ. ⱸ (WTO) ۷ι ġ罽 , 2019 ۷ι ΰġ ŷ ȣ ȭ Ʈũ ش. 2 DZ Ͽ, 1980 ر, ߱ Ͽ. ̱ ΰġ Ÿ , ߰ 帧 ̱ ϰ Ϻ. ߱ ߰縦 ϴ ֿ 꿴. 2017 ۷ι ΰġ ִ. ̱ ü ٲ ʾ, ƽþ ߱ ġ Ȯ. ߱ ǰ ŷ ٸ (̱ ) ͵ ߿ 踦 ξ Ӹ ƴ϶ ƽþ ̿ (Ϻ, ѱ, 븸 ƽþ ) Ÿ (þ, , ε) 赵 ξ ξ β Ǿ. ̴ ȭ ߱ 尳 ߱ ߽ ްϰ ̷ ش. ݸ ̱- ſ . ڷγ19 Ͽ Ÿ ߱ Ϻ ѱ 쿬 ƴϴ. ڷγ19 ߱ ۷ι ΰġ ؼ ش. 꿪 ϴ ߱ ŷڰ . 1980 40 Ǿ ߱ ߽ ۷ι ȸǰ 2019 12 ڷγ19 3 ߴ. 鼭 ߱+1̶ . ڷγ19 ߱ ްϰ پ иϴ. ŷڸ Ҿ, μ 3 ̳ ߱ ̴. ƽþ 걹μ ߱ ؿԴ ϱ ƴ. ٸ ڸ ΰ? Ϻ ̹ ߿伺 ذ ִ. ٸ ѱ ̶ ְ, Ӹ ̰ ִ ذῡ ܿ ̴. 걹 ߱ Ǵ ü Ǵ ߽ɱ ̴. ٸ ߱ پ äִ ϱ? ߱ ̴ Ұϴ. Ϻκ ü ִ ִ. ̸ ̿Ͽ ߱ ϴ ͺٴ Ϻ ߱ ϰų, Ϻ ǰ ߱ ̿ Ͽ, ϰڴٴ ǹ̴. ȭ ȭ ̶ . Ƹ μ ü Ʈ, ± ƽþ, ߾Ӿƽþ ̴. ̶ ߱+1 ڱ ư ۷ι и ̰, , ߾Ӿƽþ Ǵ 3 Ѵٸ ۷ι շ ȴ. 2. ȭ ȭų ڷγ19 ̷ ΰ ִ ӵ 踦 ״. ̸ ˾æ ΰ ̷ Ͽ ΰ Ҵ. װ 1980 Ǵ ӵ ƽϰ ߾. Ư ߱ ϰ ӵǾ ۷ι ȭǰ ִ. ڷγ19 ߱ , ߱ ϰ ΰ̸ ° ۷ι ҷ, ۷ι ߰ ϼ ̴. η ߱ Ż ϴÿ װ ٽ Ķ ְ, ġ Ͽ ٽ Ҵ. η ڷγ19κ ʴ. . ڱ Ƽ (WABC)- ÿ (Bill de Blasio) ȭ ð COVID-19 ο ߿ PPE(Personal Protective Equipment - Ƿ ȣ) ϴ ڱ ϰ ִٰ ǥߴ. ״ ô ȸ ȣ ü ڱ ϰ , 8 ȸ簡 ִ 620,000 Ѵٴ ǥ ǥߴ. ÿ 忡 縦 5 ȸ簡 ִ 250,000 ܰ Ѵٴ ǥ ִٰ . ״ ð ִ ִ 50,000 Ʈ ִ ο ϰ ִٰ ߴ. (̱ WABC-TV, 2020.4.15.) ڱ ð DZ ص ڽŸߴ. ̱ ü ְ̰ ڰ dz ̰, ߽ ŭ Ͼ ذ ִٰ ̱, ε ڽߴ. ̱ ũ Ÿ̽ ߴ. ȹ ִ. ± . ״ 忡 ߴ. Ÿ̽ ȹ ҿ . ڷγ19 ȸ ־. ȸ ٸ ܰ ̾ ϰ ڱ ư ־. ȸ ʰ ȣ Ἲ ȣ δ. Ἲ ϰ ϰ 4 ִ. η ִ Ἲ , ȸ, ġ Ǵ ڿ ݺ κп Ͼ , ȿ ϳ ī尡 ī ó ٸ κ ȴ. ſ ưưϰ ȿ , ϸ ~ϸ鼭 鸰. ڷγ19 ۵θ° . ѿ ߺϰ 迡 ˷ ƿ ߱ 籹 ϱ ߴ. 1 23 ġ Ȯ 3~5 , Ȯ ü ߴ. κ ߱ õ鿡 ϱ ̹ ڰ ߱ ü ü ȯ ߴ. ᱹ ߱ ߰, 76ϵ Ѱ ݾƾ ߴ. μ ߱ Ȱ ߰, 뵿 ߱ ߴ Ҿ ū Ҵ. ڵ ߱ ǰ ߴܵǸ鼭 ѵ ؾ ߴ. ̷ ߱ 踦 ξ ֿ 鵵 . ưưϰ 踦 ϳ ü ڷγ19 Ѱ Ұ 巯. ε ϸ Ҽ ۷ι ü , ȸ ر . ſ ݺ , ȸ ݹ ߵ Ǿ. κ ȭ ȭ 50% Ѱ, ѱ 90% Ѵ. õ ܺο Եǰų ԵǴ ̰ ʼǰ ϰ ִ. ڱ ܺ Ѵٴ ڷγ19 ݰ ־. Ư ߱ ķ ʾ Ǿ. ߱ . ں. ǰ ⺻ Ǿִ ȸ ϱ ü ȴ. ٷ ̴. ߱ ǥ ̶߱ 纸 켱Ѵ. 翬 ߱ ǥ̸, Ľų ִ. ߱ å ٸ ں ſ ٸ. ں 켱 μ ǰ Ȱϸ ȸ ġ ȴ. 16% ߱ ʿ信 ִ. ü ̳ ߱ ġ ϴ Ҵ. ߱ Ӹ ƴ϶ ܺο ٿ Ѵٴ ڰ Ͽ. ݴ ȭ ϴ ֱ ϴ. ѱó. ڽ ڿ ̷ 信 Ͽ ο صδ ڿ ν ȯ ں ϴ ̴. ̷ ڿ ַ ķ ڿ ѷΰ ϰ ִ. 52 ϴ įƴ Ȳ Ͽ ķ Ͽ. ̿ܿ Ʈ , ± ް þƿ Ͻ ϴ ġ Ͽ. ̵ ġ 뱹 ҾȰ ҷ ⸦ ϰ Ѵ. ̿ Ͽ ̽þ, UAE ƶ ο ѷ ķ Ͽ. ݸ鿡 ѱó , ߱, Ϻ Ҽ ̷ ϱ ٴ ѽߴ , ī ο ŷ ãƺ ϰ ִ. ̴ ڷγ19 ̱⺸ٴ Ȱ ϰų, ּ ڴ ̱ ϴ. δ ڱ ִ ǰ ڱ ϴ ִ. ǥ ̱ ؿܷ ǵƿ ؼ ϴ å̴. ̱ ڱ ȭ ̱ ְ Ա̴. 2019 ̱ Ѿ 2 5õ, 2 ߱ 2 Ͽ ϰ . ̱ ȭ ؼ ܱκ ̰ ̱ ̷ Ѵ. ̱ Ȱϰ ǰ, ܱ ϴ ǰ ̱ Ѵٴ ų ִ. ŭ ̱ Ȱ ݵ ϸ ƴϴ. ̱μ ڸ ٿ ʿ伺 ִ. ̱ ڷγ19 Ȱ Ͽ. ȣ 庮 ̴. ٷ ǰ å Ա Ǿǰ ܵǴ ¸ 鼭 ڷγ19 տ ͵ ٴ ְ ִ١鼭 ؿܷ ٽ ̱ ; Ѵ١ ߴ. ̱ ֿ ٱ ִ. ðѾ ִ ڷγ19 ° Ŀ鼭 ߱ 귮 50% پ. ߱ Ʈ . ǻͿ ȭ ý ϴ ߱ ȹ ٲ ȹ ١ ° ȭϸ鼭 ۿ ƴ. [߾Ϻ 2020.3.16.] ڷγ19 ̱ ߱ ̾. ̱ ߱ Ҹ ⺻δ ڷ Ÿ, ڸ ߱ Ұ ν ִ. Դٰ ߱ ̱ Ҹ Ʈ鼭 ڱ ȣϰ Ѵٰ ϰ ϱ ҽ ´. ٺ Ʈ ߱ Ұ , ȣϸ ̱ ȣǸ ߴ. ó ȭǴ Ȳ ڷγ19 ۷ι ü ر ̱ Ÿ ־, ̱ ȭ ߴ. ̱ ۷ι ϴ ٰ ̱ ۷ι ϴ. ̱ ȸ Ʈ ̱ ϴ ̴ϼƼ(Reshoring Initiative) ϸ ̱ 絵 , δ ߱ ġ 2020 ٽ ۷ι 1 Żȯ ϰ ִ. ̱ Ư¡ ̷ о߰ ִٴ ̴. 켱 ſ . ̱ ߷ 迡 ܿ ̴. 濵п ںС ó ǥ ̴̱. ̱ å, å, ȸ ü ȯ濡 Ȱϱ ϰ ִ. 1 ߱ ¡ 1 ϰ ִ. Ư ߿ ̱ å Ȱ ΰ ְ, ؿܷ ̱ ٽ ư ִ ̴. ̷ ̱Ӹ ƴ϶, Ϻ, , ѱ ϰ ִ. . ۷ι ڱ ϴ ü ߿伺 ϰ ݰ ־. 켱 ƮŰƮ, ũ ȣ ڷγ19 Ƿǰ ڱ ִ ΰ ڷγ19 ÿ å ִ° ߿ ҿ. ̱ ̷ ǿ и Ͽ. ѱ ڷγ19 ó ߰ ־ ϴ ҵ ִ ־, ڷγ19 Ȯ å ȿ ־. ڷγ19 츮 翡 ִ ݰ ش. ȹ 1 ĥ ̽Ͽ ̷ ÷ȴ. װ ũ Ȯϴ پٴϸ ȸ. ̾ 츮 100 ־ ũ Ʒ ־١ ٿ. (.....) ̴ 8 ѱ ΰ ؿܷ ġϰڴ١ ߴ. £ ڴٴ . ﱹ . ̱ Ⱥȡ ν о ¼. Ʈ ﱹ鵵 ġ ִ. ݸ ѱ ϰ 幰 μ ְ 27.5% . 3Ⱓ 32.8% ø ӱ ſ ΰǺ µ . (Ϻ, 2020. 4.21) ̶ ؿܿ ִ ü ڱ ٽ ű ´µ, ̴ ؿܷ ϴ (Off-shoring) ݴ ̴. ڷγ19 ִ ݰ ߴ. ̸ ٽ ο ǻ簡 и ߴ. ̹ ѱ ؿ ߾. ߾. ֱ ڷγ19 Կ Ʈ (reshoring) ΰǰ ִ. ڵȭ ϴ Ʈ ſ (off-shoring) ڸ Ÿ ع ָҾ. ڷγ19 ߱ ڵǰ ϼ ߴܵǰ, ֿ ġ ؿ ѱ η Ա Ͽ Կ ٽñ ް ִ. δ Ʈ ұ ̶ ϸ Ʈ ԡȮ å ϰ ִ. ϴ ٷ ̴̱. ̱ ⱸ ' ̴ϼƼ' 2010 ٸ ΰ 'ŷ Ƹī(Remaking America)' ġ 9Ⱓ 3327 ̱ ƿԴ. 369. ̱ ٽ 9Ⱓ ڸ 347236 ̸. Ư ̱ ڸ 'ǰ' ־. 9Ⱓ ܱ(FDI) ڸ 75 32% ũ ڸ. οũ ڸ 21% Ұߴ. Ϻ ʷ ִ. ΰǺ ã ؿܷ ijҴ, ÷ ٽ Ϻ ƿԱ ̴. Ϻ ζ ȭ å ϰ Ͽ. Ҿ 20⡯ Ȱ ã ̾, å ̾. Ư ġ ġü µ ū Ǿ. ̴. ijӷ ѻ(GDP) 15% øڴٴ ǥ Ʒ μ Ͽ 뵿 پ. ΰġ ũ , Ư ִ ϱ ߴ. ó ڷγ19 . ڷγ Ͽ 鸰 ۷ι ü(GVC) ϱ ̴. ܱ ڱ η ̵ ϴ å ϸ鼭 ۷ι оü谡 迡 ó߱ ̴. ߱ μ ۷ι üκ ߱Ⱑ ʿϴٴ νĿ ̴. . ؿ (Ư ߱) ڷγ̷ (ڷγ19) ܱ (FDI) ִ 15% ߴ. ȸ(UNCTAD) 9(ð) Ѵ ΰ ι ڸ ´ FDI ڷγ19 ǥϰ ̰ ߴ. (.....) 5õ ٱ ̹ · ġ 9% , ̴ FDI ֿ ҷ ̾ ̶ ̴. Ư ڵ װ簡 ū Ÿ UNCTAD ߴ. (մ, 2020 3 9) ڷγ ° ҵ( ) ̾鼭 ۷ι ں ްϰ ǰ ִ. Ȱ ϴ ۷ι ڵ ɸ տ ϱ Ǿִ ؿ ڸ ҿ Ȳ̴. ǻ ϴ 庸 ڷγ19 ҾȰ ȭ ɴ Ÿ ̶ ϰ ִ. ڰ ̴. ۷ι ؿ ڴ ϴ. Ư ܱ ߱ ڰ پ ̰, ߱ ڴ ũ پ ̴. ڷγ19 ߱ ۷ι бǿ η Ͽ. ̷ Ͽ ߱ ڸ Ư ̱ ߽ ũ 縦 ſ ϰ Ϸ ̱ ̴. ̱ 繫δ 2020 1 ̱ ߿ ̱ Ͽ ִ ȸ翡 ܱ ڿ Ͽ ̱ܱ ȸ(CIFUS) 縦 ִ Ͽ. ̴ Ư ߱ ڸ ܳ ̴. EU ( ) ȸ ȸ ܱ (FDI) ڻ ȸ ȣ ȭϰ ִ. EU ܱ ڿ Ѿ ù ǰ 䱸 Ű EU ٻӸ ƴ϶ ֱ ߱ Ͽ ڷγ19 ⸦ غϱ EU ɷ¿ ִٰ ϱ ̴. OECD 迡 ȯ ϴ FDI Ͽ 踦 ϱ Ͽ. ÷ о߿ ߱, þ κ ڰ ߴµ, ̵ κ ְų ο õ ȸ Ǿ ִ. EU FDI ȸ ܱ ڿ Ⱥ , ȸ ڸ Ѵ. ġ 뿩θ ϴ ش ϱ ̴. EU ȸ ڷγ19 ȥ ؿ ڰ ߿ ڻ ϵϱ FDI ȸ ظ ϱ ħ ǥߴ. EU ü FDI 庮 Ϳ ̰ ִ. Ⱥ õ FDI ƾ ϴ Ͽ. Ż δ Ŀ ( Golden Power Law) Ͽ ǰ, , , , װ , ̵, , ΰ , Ǵ ܱ ڸ ϰų ֵ Ͽ. ư Ⱥ ջ ִ FDI ؼ ְ ϰ ִ. Ģ ΰ ϻӸ ƴ϶ ٸ EU ȸ ؼ ִ. ̷ ġ鿡 ϴ ̶ ʾ, ߱ иϴ. . ؿ 3. ȭ ȭų ̷ ߹ϱ 2019 ǰ ̹ ȭǾ ȭ پ. ǰ ŷ 2.9 % -0.1 % ߴ. 2019 ǰ ġ 18.89 3 % ߽ϴ. ݸ, 2019 2 6 õ 2 % ϸ鼭 ߴ. ŷ 9 % 2018 ⺸ ӵ . ̷ ϶ ̴ ڷγ19 ź ѷ. 2008 ó Ұ ۿ . WTO ùķ̼ ó 2020 ϶ Ͽµ, ó 13% , ó 32%Ҹ Ͽ. ̷ ұϰ ε ڿ ϸ ȸ ӵ ̶ Ͽ. WTO ڵ ǰ ùٸ å Ǹ 2021 ʿ ʱ ϰ ĸ 귮 ݵ ִٰ ϰ ִ. ڱ ̱Ǹ ȣǷ ȯѴٸ ڷγ19 ȸ ̰ Ѵ. ڰ ̹ ȭ ȣ Ǵ ȯϱ ƴ. ޱ ư, Ư㸦 ϸ ϰ ֱ ̴. ռ ó ߱+1 ڱ ư ۷ι и ̰, , ߾Ӿƽþ Ǵ 3 Ѵٸ ۷ι շ ȴ. ٸ ڷγ19 Ͽ ٽ ۷ι ؾ ϴ ãƺ. . 2018 7 籹 ȣ ߰ ΰ(25%) ˹ߵ , 2019 ̱ 16.2% ްϸ鼭 ̱ 2018 4,195 2019 3,456 739 ߴ. Ŀ ڷγ19 Ͽ ȭǰ ִ. 2020 1 15 ߰ 1ܰ Ǹ , ߱ ڷγ19 Ͽ Ͽ ̴. 1ܰ ǡ 캸, ̱ ߱ 2020~2021Ⱓ ǰ/깰/ / 2017⺸ 2,000 ø ɼ ȴ. ߱ ȭ ϰ ϴ Ģ Ȯߴ. ̱ ǰ ǰ Ȱȭϱ ߱ ȭϿµ, ̴ Ÿ ǰ Ҹ Ǿ EU Ÿ ݹ ȴ. ߱ ̰ ȯ μ ̹ 1 Ǹ ̱ ߱ ȯ ٸ Ȱ δ. ߱ ڷγ19 Ը Ҿ Ż߱ȭ ȭŰ ߿ Ұ Ǿ Դ. ı δ ģ. ù ° δ, ȿ(Direct effect) ΰ ǰ ġ ̴. ߰ ΰ ǰ ڴ Ͽ ش籹κ 並 δ. ° δ, ȿ(Indirect effect)μ ۷ι ü Ѵ. ΰ پ ڴ ϰ ܷκ ߰ Ÿ δ. ° δ, ȯ(Trade Redirection effect)ȿ ȿκ ڿ ϴ ȿ̴. ΰ ġ ʴ Ÿ ̵ ִ. Ư ΰ ġ ǰ ǰ ϴ ڴ ΰ ں Ȳ ̳ ų ִ. ߱ ؿԴ ̱ ߱ ̿ ȯǴ¹ ȯ ȿ ִ ִ. 2019 ̱ ǰ 2018 1.7% , 1 Դ ߱κ 16.2% 4,522 Ͽ. Ⱓ ̱ 1~20 Դ Ծ 1% ̻ ߱ ϸ, Ѻ( –0.8%), ̰(–0.9%) Ϻα ܿ Ͽ. 2019 ̱ 1~20 Դκ 迡 ϸ, ̱ ߱ ϴ ߽, ij, Ϻ, , ѱ, Ʈ, 븸 ̼ ø ÿ ̱ Խ忡 Ͽ. ̱ ߱ ߰ ߱ ҿ ȯ ȿ ϰ ۿϰ ִ. ̱忡 ߱ ǰ üȿ , 븸 Դü ߽, ѱ, Ʈ ڸ ̾. ̱ Խ忡 ߱ 460.2 ǰ 븸 80.6 ü Ǹ, ߽ڴ 58.1 , ѱ 42.9 üϿ. ݸ ߱ 忡 ̱ ǰ ̱ ̿ ȯ 0.5% ҿ ƴµ, Ʈ ƼȰ ѱ ȯ Ǿ. Ʈ 23.5%, ѱ 9.5% Ͽ ߽(+5.2%) EU(4.9%) ȯȿ ſ Ǵ. ۷ιȭ Ű ˰ ϴ ̴. . GVC پȭ ڷγ19 Ͽ ٲ ִ. ٽɿ 1990 ӵǾ ȭ ߱ ü̴. ߱ ں , ؿԱ Ҹ Դ. ̷ ڷγ ߱ ߽ gvc 迡 GVC ̴. ߱ 13̶ Ŵ Һ, 뵿η 2012 1200 FDI (ܱ ) ġ ̷ 2018 1489 ġϴ ̷. Ȱ ڱ ġʹ ڱ ܱ ο Ҵ. Ż ֵ Ұ Ҵ. ߱ ̷ Ⱦ ۷ι ġ 罽 ȿ Ҵ. 1990 ķ ߱ ̿ 屹 ϳ ߱̾ ̴. ̷ Ҹ ۵Ǿ, ڷγ19 ߱ ߽ GVC(۷ι ü – ۷ι ġ罽) 籸 . GVC ̻ ϴ Ʈũ̴. GVC 1990 ߱ ں 弼 ̲ Դ. Ҿ ̷. GVC Ը Ŭ ־ ֿ ϳ 1-2 ̳ʸ ݿ ִ ػ ý ŵ ܴ Ͽ. ۺ ϶ ߰ ֵϿ. ߰ ̵ ҰϿٸ ϳ ǰ ϴµ . Ư ֱٿ GVC ֿ ȰϷ Ȱϴ. , ƽþ (ADB) ڰ ǥ̴. ̵ Ӱ (Sustainable development) ־ Ѵٴ 밡 ȮǸ鼭 å, Ž ȭ å ϰų, ϴ (Aid for trade) Ʈ þ ̴. ̷ ܼ Ը Ȯ뿡 δ ƴ϶ ش , ΰġ ɼ ̱ õ ̾ ִ. ̷ Ʈ þ ߱ ü , þ. û ϴµ ε Ͽ Űź ߱ ѱ ļ ߱ Ǵ ѱ ǰ . ػ ۺ ϶ Ծ ȭ ǰ 鿩 ϴ ǰ Ͽ ϴ ͺ ̴. ȭ ۵ â GVC о ߵ ں ߰縦 ϰ, ߵ 縦 . Ͽ ϴ ¿. ȭ ۷ι ȯ濡 . Ư ȭ õ ʿ伺 ſ ߾. 谡 ϰų ܼ ݺ ۾ κ Ͽ ̴. ں ִ ߵ ΰǺ ̿ϱ ں, ΰġ ߰ Ͽ. GVC ϴ þ. ߱ ߵ ϸ ΰŴ Ա ΰġ ܼ μ ؿԴ. ֱٿ ߵ ҵ , Ĺ߱ ܰ ҵǾ ̵ ϰ Ǿ. ߱ ΰǺ ϰ ߹ ߱ üϴ ǥ Ʈ λϿ. Ʈ ߱ ϴ GVC μ ƴ İ. GVC ȭ ܱ (FDI) Ÿ. FDI EU Ƽ ߱ ü ϰ ִ. ֱ EU, Ƽ ʵ ܱ(ʵ FDI, ں ڴ ̳ ) ϴ ݸ ߱ FDI Ը ϰ ִ. ߱ ʵ FDI 2003 1287 2018 1106 پ. ߱ ü ü δ ƽþƷ ִ. ѱ ¸ ( ۻ 90%), ð( ǸŹ 59%, 繫 69%) ̴߽. 츮 ֱ 5 () ڴ ߵǾ , ̸, ⼼ ̰ ִ. (ĭ) ѱ λϰ ִ. Ƽ 迡 ϴ ܱ ϰ ִ. 2000 ʹ Ƽ ܱ Ծ ߱ Ը ҰϿ, ߱ ߿ϸ 2018 1,486 11.5% Ͽ. ѱ Ƽ ھ 2010 ̸, ϰ ִ. Ƽ ӱ Ȱ, ڿ ֱ ū Ÿ. 30 ߱ ߴ ȭ ġ Ͻÿ ʰ ȱ ǰ κ иϴ. Ư ֱٿ ̱ ߱ ֵ ż鼭 gvc ū ĥ ȴ. ̱ з¿ ϱ ߱ gvc ̰ ڱ о, ϸ ȫ δٸ ̹ ߱ о踦 ټ ƽþ ó ɼ . ݴ ߱ ̱ 䱸 ڱ ȹ δٸ ο ȸ þ ̴. μ ߱ ڱ ʰ ִ. . FTA߽ ȭ ߱ Ը پٰ Ͽ ٸ Ȱ Ȱ پ ʴ´. dz ȿ ٸ ٸ ̰ GVC ̴. GVC 籸 Ͽ ȭ ̿ ڵ ϰ ִ. ü ȭ(Regionalization) ̶ ϰ ִ. GVC л л Ҿ ؾ FTA̴. FTA ߽ ̶ ٴ ó ȿ ġ 뼺 ߽ ̾. ϰ ܴ ִ ߱ ü FTAü ̴. ѱ 忡 ̿ 籸Ǵ GVC ° Ĺ ȿ ִ. FTA ߿伺 ߱ ﱹ λ, 4 , ȣ ȭ Ѵ. ֱ ﱹ ʿ ﱹ پ(2000 66% 2017 52%) -ﱹ о . Ʈ 丮, 3D 4 ÷ܱ ϸ鼭 ÷ ȭ ϶ ڱ ߽ Ǵ Һ ϰ Ǿ ۷ι ȯ ȭ Ÿ ִ. Ӹ ƴ϶, ֱ 2Ⱓ ӵ ̡ ٱ ߱ Ƽ ϸ ۷ι 罽 ũ ϰ ִ. ȣ Ȯ ۷ιȭ Ǹ鼭, δ (FTA) ǥǴ (RTA) 2018 470 ȿǸ Ȯ ӵǰ ִ. ƽþƱ ߱, , Ϲ̱ ̱ Ȯ ̴. ̱ ߱ ذ ʴ 2 ϸ ڿ --ں (þ ) ߱ ߽ ̴. ȿ ϴ ̴. - 迡 , ϰ ʿ Ƽ . ŭ 谡 ֱ ̴. ڷγ Ͽ پ ۷ι FTA ؼ ̷ ϰ ̱ ̴. ߿ ѱ FTA ξҴ. ͵ ִ õǾ ִ. ѱ FTA ٸ FTA 浵 ſ ̴. ӿ ׳ ȸ ִ ȯ õǾ ִ. ѱ ̱ Ǿ, ΰǰ ִ ѱ ȭ õ ǰ ← Ѵ. BTS, ȣ K-POP, K-DRAMA ؿ α ѱ ȭǰ, ǰ ̰ ѱ(MADE IN KOREA) . ڰ ϱ ٸ Ƶ̱ ư Ŀ Ǵ ȭ ǰ ̴. ô뿡 ־ ֵ ǻƳ ִ. ѱ Ǹ μ 迡 ѱ ȭ ſ ǰݳ ȭ ް ǰ, 츮 (MADE IN USA) (MADE IN FRANCE) ߴ ǰ ǰ ѱ ұ ǰ ް ȴ. ߵ ѱ ǰ ǰ ̰ ǰ ÷ Ѵ. ַ ߱. Ʈ ƽþ , ǰ , ڷγ19Ŀ ۷ι ġ罽(GVC) ְ ߾ Ѵ. ڷγ ȣ, ڱ 켱ǰ ĥ Ŷ δ ʴٰ Ȯε ŷ ӵ ̱ ̴. . ̱ ۷ι ߽ ϰ ̴. ȥ ߵɼ ϴ ΰ ڻ ̱ ϰ ̰, Ͽ ̱ ߽ ġ. ϰ ̴. ڷγ19 å ϰ ִ. å̴. ߾ ݸ غ ߾ ؼ Ǯ Ͽ Ȱ ϵ ϴ ︮ӴϿʹ ٸ. ׳ ׳ Һڵ鿡 ش. ۿ Ⱑ ٸ, ̹ ڷγ19 η ҷų ִٴ η̴. â Ͽ ٸ ఴ Ͽ. ߱Ӹ ƴ϶ Żƿ Ϻ Ǵ ߴ Ը Ȳ ̾ ִ. ־ Ⱑ ڿٸ, ڷγ19 ǹ ر ̴. ̵ ߰, ߰, ߰, ް ߰, ȭ , ȸ Ѵ. ̴µ, ұϰ å 켱ϰ ִ. å, ְ ִ. , Ծ, Ե ־, ̴. ΰ Ǯ ִ ѵ Ǯ ִ. ٸ å ? 2 ̴. ڷγ19 ų Ǯ ذ ̴. ڷγ19 ҸǸ κ ذǰ, Ƽ ڷγ19 ܱⰣ ̰ ʴ´. ٸ δ ؼ Ϸ ؾѴ. ̷ å ÷̴̼. å̳ å ȿ Ҹȴ. ƹ Ǯ ȿ Ÿ ʰ, ȭȴ. ڱ ſ Ȱ뼺 ܱ ȭ ϰ ̰, ߿ ̱ ܿ ְ ġ ȴ. ѷ ݴ α⸦ ̴. ȭ ¸, , Ű Ͽ ӷ¿ ǹ õǸ鼭, ȭ ΰ ǹõǰ ִ. ߱ ȭ , -ȭ ȯ, , ġ Ҿ, ߱ ޱ ȫ Ҿ ٶ . ȭ ٰ ȭ ϱ ̱ ȯ ʴ. · ߱ Ͽϴ. ߱ ȭ 䰡 ʰ پ. ߱ε ؿ ̹ 䵵 ġ ʴ. ߱ε ߱ ȭ Ȱ ̰ ִ. 迡 並 ߱ иϴ. Ϻ ȭ ̹ Ϻ ° 䰡 ̻ ̰, ްϰ پ ɼ . ȫ ִ ȸǿ ڷῡ ϸ ̱ ٸ å ϰ ִ. ̱ ̹ ٰ Ѵ. 2 ̱ ä 118%µ, ڴٴ ϸ ܼ ε 138% ´. ȭ ̱ ƴµ ̷ϰԵ ǰ ִ. ڷγ19 ȭ ƴϰ ȭ ƴϰ ǰ Ŵ ٴ ̴. DZ(PIGS) þ , , , ٽ 鸮 ִ. Żư 鿡 ƴ. , ߽, εþƴ ڿ Ƽ Ͱ, ý ѵ () 鼭 ε ִ. ᱹ ȭ Ÿ. ణȸ(SWIFT) 2020 4 ŷ ȭ 1.66% 6 ƴ. 43.37% (31.46%), Ŀ(6.57%), (3.79%), ij (1.79%) ڸ ̾. ϸ 2020 10%̻ Ÿ. ϰ, ̱ ȭ Ǯ鼭 ǰ ݿ ϴ ̴. ᱹ ̱ ǰ ÷̼ ް ̰, ÷̼ ް ȴ. Ȱ å ̱ ̿ 鿡 Ÿ ٸ. ٸ, ٸ Ÿ 翬ϴ. ڷγ19 ܱü, Pax-Americana ḻ ɼ ſ . ̱ε ̷ Ƶ иġ ʴ. ̱ ΰ ȭ, Ȱ ؿ ̱ ڱ ڿ ˳ ϱֱ ̴. ¼ ǰ ȭǰ, 뱤ζ ó Ȱϰ Ǯٸ ٶ ̱ ߽ ۷ι ִ.
[ó]
翡 Ͽ, ۱ǹ ȣ , մϴ.